Michael Gaze (1927-2012) was a contemporary of Roger Sperry who went in search of the rules of brain wiring. Inspired by Sperry, Gaze tested the core ideas of the field using electrophysiology to map connectivity – and described just how relative positioning, as opposed to Sperry’s rigid code, can lead to synaptic specificity in the visual system. Never as famous…
Geoffrey Hinton is both a founding father and visionary critic of current approaches to AI. He has repeatedly been thoughtful about the lessons the field may learn from biology. He has also clearly spelled out fundamental limits to the currently most successful approaches of software-based learning methods that do not require prior information in the hardware. In his new preprint…
In his book ‘The Myth of Artificial Intelligence’ Erik Larson makes the argument that there is no known instance of any known type of intelligence producing something more intelligent than itself. Of course, past failure need not predict future failure. Unless there is a fundamental roadblock. So, let’s explore what can produce intelligence, shall we? The futurist’s notion remains that…
Babies are not born with randomly connected brains and turned on to learn. And yet, 100 years ago, neurobiologists were not so sure. In fact, most of them rather liked the idea, because they disliked the alternative: the development of intelligent brains without learning – as if embryo development could determine who you are. 100 years ago, neurobiologists had only…
You can describe a digital image by describing the coordinate and color of every individual pixel, meaning each of the smallest component ‘dots’ that together make up the picture. Since pictures taken with modern cell phones and cameras have an ever increasing resolution, this leads to rather large image files to save and send to friends. Fortunately, most images can…
Yes, they did. MuZero was published just before Christmas 2020, and is arguably the most advanced artificial neural network based on reinforcement learning out there right now. Its predecessor, AlphaZero already had the ability to teach itself both chess and Go (another two-person zero-sum-game without random elements). AlphaZero beat world champions, but needed one important bit of information to learn:…